Lupus and the drugs prescribed to treat it expose patients to an increased risk of gynecological complications. Gynecological follow-up is very important for these patients. An annual cervical cancer screening by cervico-uterine smear is recommended in immunocompromised lupus patients (current or history of  immunosuppressant and/or biotherapy prescription).

Screening can begin before the age of 25, depending on individual risk.

For other patients, as in the general population, cervico-uterine smears are recommended in women aged 25 to 65 years, every three years after two normal smears performed one year apart.